The story of Tut-Ankh-amun, the boy king of Egypt has evoked such fascination for us over the last century that his standardised name, Tutankhamun, has become a household name. This has much to do with the fact that his royal tomb is one of the few to escape the ravages of centuries of pillaging by grave robbers, thus those physical articles, through which we identify historical personages, have remained in sufficient abundance within the grave for the archaeological world to create some link back to the character of the Pharaoh himself; other rulers of Egypt, despite having possibly exercised greater political power or acumen, are nonetheless reduced to little more than names from a bygone era.
Tutankhamun was also a boy king and his untimely death evokes from us a certain emotional connection that simply does not emerge with kings who have died after they have reached their manhood. The boy died when he was 18. One Pharaoh whose name was obscured during, or after Tutankhamun’s reign was that of his father, Amenhotep IV, better known to us now as Akhenaton. Indeed Akhenaton’s reign should have been one of the first to appear in the Egyptian Historical Annals because of its revolutionary impact upon the people. But during the reigns of his successors, Akhenaton’s life and work were obliterated from the consciousness of the Egyptian body politic and all his laws and innovations were repudiated (possibly by his own son). What had the previous king done to earn such enmity from his son and his subjects?
He had attempted what no king has attempted before or since; to create a radical new religion in the face of massive opposition from an established and entrenched priesthood. Akhenaton’s life, his mission and its ultimate failure highlight some of the fundamental shifts in evolutionary consciousness that have paved humanity’s long struggle from the distant past to the present moment; for Akhenaton introduced into the Egyptian spiritual awareness the concept of Oneness.
This was not only a radical departure from traditional belief systems of the time, it was a direct threat to the psychological and economical hold that the priesthood had upon the country and its people. Sound familiar?
The threat was deemed dangerous enough for these tradition oriented cynics to break with their own traditions and wipe Akhenaton’s reign from the record. This was no simple accomplishment; he had been, after-all, the Pharaoh. Accomplished it was nonetheless, and it was only with the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun and some obscure stellae in the mid 19th century that the story of the revolutionary monarch began to be unearthed. In the meantime, the priesthood and the secular authorities that chose to oppose Akhenaton’s policies ensured that there were no further experiments in spiritual/religious liberation from the culturally sponsored system that sustained them in such comfort.
So ended humanity’s earliest recorded chance to leap forth into an understanding of consciousness that would have ushered in a more enlightened age; the world would wait almost 1500 years before such an attempt at awakening humanity would take place again. It was humanity’s first stab at incorporating into its consciousness that deeper sense of the communion of all life that was the light of divine will infusing itself into the evolution of human awareness. Its failure retarded our development by centuries and illustrates the volatile struggle that continues to this day between the forces of light and darkness.
Akhenaton’s spiritual revolution and its failure marks but one milestone in the many that can chart human development of thought, belief and understanding from pre-history (Palaeolithic man) through to present day consciousness and I feel that, should we pause to reflect on these developments as they have occurred, we might be given a glimpse of where we have come from, what we have left behind that would have served us better to keep and what we have in our hands today that can facilitate our pathway to a radical explosion of conscious awareness that beckons to us now.
In light of this, it is worth holding in our awareness the tendency that humanity has always demonstrated of rejecting the teachings of the past out-right and replacing them with the new. As such, humanity has set itself up on a carousel of changing and conflicting thoughts and ideas that has reduced our enquiry into the nature of reality into a kind of intellectual/theological fashion event; as such, our understanding never attains the depth necessary to create a culture that supports conscious evolution, rather our cultures retard it and have, in that sense, become the enemy of the human mind that creates them. Culture is our Frankenstein, and if we were unhinged before we created it, it has certainly brought us to the brink of total madness now. Though simultaneously, spirit has brought us to the threshold of enlightenment.
This reactionary approach to change sets up a polarization between the new and the old which creates a vicious cycle of violent repression, first by proponents of the old who wish to prevent the advent of the new, then by the victorious establishers of the new who wish to wipe out the threat of the old.
My knowledge of the spiritual history of humanity may be vague at best, but I think it’s sufficient to draw some broad outlines which can shed light upon our present position and what is important for us to value in it. I would divide the spiritual historical narrative of humanity into 7 inter-dependent progressive developmental stages or eras; the animistic, the mythic, the pagan, the monotheist, the scientific, the social and the integrative ecological. To a certain extent, these are arbitrary; one could define more stages or less, and argue their relevance on more solid evidence than I have at my disposal. Also these ‘eras’ are chronically hard to define in the first place and will, to a greater or lesser extent, inform their fellow eras in a way that can make nonsense of any attempt to categorize them in the first place; all eras are influenced by the mythic for instance, just as all can be interpreted as scientific – but the purpose of the exercise is not to create a new model to explain the movement of human consciousness but to highlight what humanity has lost, given up or suppressed in the process of that movement, how that has hindered our path toward divine knowledge and how we might avoid continuing the process of hemorrhaging the creative genius of our ancestors.
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The animistic era was not so much about animals as it was about their ability to represent certain observable phenomena that were seen as fundamental to the continued existence of all life; the constant rhythmic pulse of the influence of the sun, on the one hand, and its association with, and opposition to, water on the other, was represented by different animals according to the characteristics they demonstrated. These two elements of light (sun) and water were seen as the most basic, the most crucial to life and were therefore initiated into human spiritual thought as the first instigators of symbolic representation. The bull and the lion became symbols of the sun, the horse and the serpent, symbols of water.
I imagine this era was quite dream-like in aspect and the movement to mythic was smooth; the mythic stage witnessed the introduction of human characters as an embellishment of the previous symbolic landscape. One of the reasons for the depth and richness of the mythic is that there was no banishment of the animistic. Thus the foundation of human thought and belief which had been developing over hundreds of thousands of years was able to continue unchecked, and the insights drawn from the animistic enriched the mythic system, providing humanity with a structure that stimulated, entertained, comforted and enlightened all in the same moment. The mythic was a multi-dimensional, multi-purposeful system of orienting the human awareness in relation to its natural environment. It was rooted in direct human experience, informed by the planetary consciousness and thus created a practical and invaluable pathway to greater conscious awareness. We suffer today immensely from the loss of the mythic and part of the process we are undergoing at this time is to re-integrate the architecture of the mythic esoteric landscape back into our awareness in order to re-orient ourselves in relation to our reality; we are, at present, oriented to an illusion that our culture holds up as reality, but this illusion has no root in the planetary consciousness and will soon be dispelled; our return to the mythic will be a vital part of our survival tool-kit in the coming years. The unprecedented popularity of the mythic film genre (Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings etc) is an indication of both our communal hunger for mythic orientation and our intuitive awareness of how essential it is in our lives.
The transition from mythic to pagan was still relatively smooth, but elements of territorial dispute and resort to bigotry were already beginning to emerge. Some pagans would have seen themselves and their Gods as being superior to others and evidence of the ‘Wars of the Gods’ becomes a characteristic of the belief system. In the Norse culture, the war between the Aesir and the Vanir resulted, after the latter’s defeat, in a mild demonization of the vanquished gods. Here we can see the first vestiges of a rejection of the old system for the new. This is mitigated in the Norse tradition by the inclusion of 2 of the Vanir (the twins Frey and Freya) into the new system, but as we move on, this rejection/demonization of the old becomes more and more absolutist. Also we see the first religious wars; such as the cynical and successful attempt by the Persian usurper Darius I to unite his subjects behind the banner of the ‘true faith’. Darius is the first crusader to have led an army against a perceived enemy on the basis of difference of belief, and the purely political motivations behind the façade of religious fanaticism was to be (and still is) repeated consistently and with devastating effect throughout the ages.
The pagan era saw the beginnings of a loss of common experience between the diverse elements of humanity and this illusion of separation was to be accentuated over the next two and a half millennia, with sometimes horrifying consequences.
Whatever valuable cultural foundation was slipping away and being lost in the first transitions began ebbing more dramatically during the next 1000 years as the pagan gave way to the monotheistic era. This period was to witness the separation, not only of human society, but of the human spiritual bond with nature. Elemental spirits and divinities fell into the realm of demonic without exception. Nature itself, the very environment in which and through which, humanity existed and found sustenance, became an object of suspicion, and the emergence of a declaration of war on nature began to be prosecuted. This war has continued to intensify exponentially over the last 1500 years, checked only by technological limitation and, thankfully, some cautionary elements of modern society who are beginning to have greater impact upon the process.
Christianity and Islam both rejected the mythic and the pagan; our relationship with the planetary consciousness went through a radical transformation which left us at the mercy of theologians and authorities who had no interest in the general welfare of the people they purported to represent. Gone was our sense of sanctity in the natural world, gone was the imaginal realm, that interface between the planes of existence. We locked ourselves up firmly in the one reality, denying all contact with other realms on the basis that they were demonic. True, there was an intellectual agreement that God and his angels existed in the heavenly realms, but one ran the gauntlet of ‘Inquisition’ if one actually contacted those other realities.
Humanity had achieved the doctrinal adherence to the Oneness that Akhenaton had attempted to introduce 2000 years previously, but in the process, we had lost the enriching qualities of eons of human development; though the understanding of Oneness is the key to our health and survival as a species, its inauspicious beginnings rendered humanity bereft of the essentially balancing and integrative human structures by which it had navigated its evolutionary course. Cut loose from the roots of its past and its environment, our consciousness, rudderless and without practical direction, plunged from one catastrophe to the next, losing itself further in the storm of its own turbulent and insane mindscape. Life became dark, the past was demonized, the future became an unrealistic dream and the present was dogged by violence to the body, mind and soul. Here’s a description of contact with the elemental spirit of the natural world by Daniel Andreev, Russian author. This connection, available to our pre-Christian ancestors, was denied to all who adhered to the Catholic church doctrine. He talks of personal experiences with the spirit world which
‘occurred . . . when I . . . chanced upon unfamiliar places distinguished by the lushness and wildness of vegetation growing unchecked. Transported by ecstasy and trembling from head to foot, I made my way, oblivious to everything, through dense thickets, sun-baked marshes, and prickly bushes, finally throwing myself down in to the grass to feel it with my whole body. The most important thing was that during those minutes I was aware with all my senses that the invisible beings whose existence is mysteriously linked to the vegetation, water, and soil loved me and flowed through me.
Later he goes on to report,
‘Sure enough, the woods began taking on a different look; fir trees gave way to maples and alders. Suddenly the scorching road that was burning my feet began to slope down [and] I caught sight of a bend of the long-anticipated stream . . . What a pearl of creation, what a delightful child of God laughed at my coming! A few steps wide, shaded everywhere by the low-hanging branches of old willows and alders, it streamed as if through green caverns, softly gurgling and glittering with thousands of sparkles of sunlight . . .
When my overheated body plunged into the cool wetness, and dapples of shadow and sunlight flitted over my shoulders and face, I felt some invisible being, composed of what I don’t know, embrace my soul with such innocent joy, with such laughing playfulness, as if it had long loved me and been waiting for me. It was like the rarefied soul of the river, all flowing, all trembling, all caressing, all coolness and light, carefree laughter and tenderness, joy and love . . . my heart felt so refreshed, so cleansed, so purified, so blessed as it could only have been since the first days of Creation, at the dawn of time.’
Had Andreev written and published such a description of prose in medieval Europe, he would almost certainly have found himself the victim of Rome’s execution squads. When we handed our soul’s welfare to the religious institutions of the middle ages, we gave up this delightful and joyous interaction with life and replaced it with the misery of religious renunciation.
The burst of life that shattered the dogmatic despair in Europe came in the form of the Italian Renaissance; those pioneers of spirit who opened humanity back up to the sheer beauty of creation; Donatello, Da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, all seemed to have agreed to incarnate in the same place at roughly the same time so as to re-awaken the human mind to the creative spark that had all but been extinguished. Their own journeys into divine appreciation of beauty had been facilitated by the sudden flood of documents and writings that had fled the even more desultory tide of Islam as it submerged the last embers of Byzantium. Thus, we find in the Renaissance a reinvigoration of the mythic and the imaginal into the socio-religious landscape of Europe; this in turn, loosened the poisoned grasp of a corrupt church upon the populace and enough space was created for the Reformation, a chance to re-value the old and usher in the new.
Though the institutions that grew from the Reformation ultimately continued, and in some cases magnified, the chronic repression of Catholicism, the break had been made, the fertile mind was once again encouraged to question the nature of reality and our place within it, and the fearful iron girdle of rigid belief was permanently cracked and would, in time, fall asunder.
One element that was left behind in this transition was the mythic (which had remained covertly in the ritual and rites of the Catholic church). Luther refuted the belief that the communion bread and wine actually became the body and blood of Christ; in many ways this was a step in the right direction; the reformists appeared to be returning the faith to its allegorical significance opening up the possibility of the ritual nature of the faith assuming its rightful place in the development of the human mind. But in the end, Protestantism as a whole, threw its lot in with ever more rigid literal interpretations of the scripture and, in doing so, reduced its branch of Christianity to nothing more than a secular pawn of a cynical political class, or a repository for the fanatical reaction to Catholicism.
You could say the Protestant church is dead, but that would imply that it once lived, and it never really did; it repudiated the one saving grace the Catholics had retained from the pagan/mythic era, the use of ritual to assist the subconscious and mystical mind in its continued growth. Thus the Reformation freed humanity, in the West, from a suffocating and vicious system of intolerable cruelty, yet the path it chose to follow as an alternative was a dead end.
Its essential purpose however, along with the Renaissance movement, was to provoke the enquiring mind and it’s no accident that the paradigm shifting scientific discoveries of the next 2 centuries emerged from Protestant minds in Protestant Europe. True, Copernicus was a Catholic monk, but his work would have never seen the light of day had it not been for his admiring protégé, Rheticus, a man deeply linked with the German Lutheran movement. Kepler and Newton were both of the new faith, whilst Galileo, condemned by the church, was an example to the blossoming scientific movement of what likely fate awaited innovators caught in the thrall of the Roman Church.
So we come to the age of Reason, where enquiry into the nature of the universe became steadily more informed and grounded in observation as opposed to theological doctrine. In that sense it was a return to the pagan era of great scientists such as Ptolemy and Pythagoras but once more, this great step forward was accompanied by tremendous loss. Science rejected religion (something the pagan scientists never did) and the fruits of that loss of spiritual perspective are all too abundant for us to see today. Human approach to nature became utilitarian (seeing it only for its material use) and its approach to religion was to treat it as superstition founded on ignorance. In the scientific era, humanity cultivated a loss of soul, a loss lamented in the writings of D. H. Lawrence. Humans became machines, animals became units of production and the environment became both victim to our insatiable lust for material power, and receptacle of the poison which that lust inevitably produced.
Just as humanity seemed destined to attain the heavens through the keen intellect of its scientific mind, it was plunged yet deeper into the realms of mystical inaccessibility. This was, and still is, our most dangerous step of all and if we fail to integrate it with our spiritual essence, it will drive us to extinction. One thing it did achieve however was to bring the down-trodden elements of human society together in urbanized settings where they could more effectively organize resistance to social injustice and had easier access to the means, both material and societal, to prosecute such resistance.
From the mid 19th century through to the late 20th there was an unprecedented wave of revolutions, rebellions and political upheavals which left the some traditional systems of government in shreds and opened up human experimentation in the area of the political organization of human society.
This period finally dealt the death blow to the universal acceptance of slavery, serfdom and corruption (though it by no means ended the perpetuation of such injustices) and we can thank it for our current rights, freedoms and choices which our ancestors would not have dreamed possible. Yet during the social era humanity moved further from spiritual truth yet again and the manifestation of human dreams of social equality were either mercilessly stamped out by traditional power structures (Franco’s Spain or Hitler’s Germany), or they formed themselves into great monoliths of spirit-less oppression, exercising a bleak control over their subjects that even the most twisted medieval prince would have balked at (or at least, marveled at). The socialist movement struck out yet further from a spiritual reality which it saw as represented by a corrupt church in league with the old power structures, resulting in a lack of moral conduct that allowed for the slaughter of millions and the extermination of joy. In Pol Pot’s Cambodia, this was taken to such extreme measures that children were taught to psychologically and emotionally reject their parents in favor of the state, so breaking a natural bond that had been crucial for the survival of humanity since before humans became humans.
The social revolution, as was the case with its predecessors, laid the ground for the next chapter of human evolution; the integrative ecological. By ecology here we include not just the external environment that we live in, but the internal environment of our bodies and our minds. What humanity is attempting at this time is the integration of body, mind and soul, both with each other and with the planetary and universal environment. Given our past history of relating either to ourselves or to the environment, this is no mean feat, yet its accomplishment lies in the integration of that very history that has proved such a barrier to the opening of the human heart and mind.
Our passage through time has been punctuated by transitional nodes of human experience during which we have donned the cloak of new insight and expanded belief, but our inability to retain the vestments of the past epochs, containing as they do a wisdom and a practical application to life, has reduced us to constantly trying to put down new roots. Every turn of the human evolutionary screw has thrown up new civilizations, and each time this has occurred there has been a scramble for each latest venture to present its origins as drawn directly from the dawn of time, as if time itself had only emerged from the cosmic womb in order to give birth to this most recent human design. But it’s always a fallacy, each successive stage moves humanity further and further away from its own roots, which are grounded in planetary reality, and attempts to substitute the gaping hole of the latest myth with lies and tenuous illusion. The illusions eventually dissolve against human intuitive awareness of a deeper reality and a new form of self-deception is conceived, resulting in cultures that signally fail to meet the spiritual needs of the human experience.
This has brought us to the early 21st century where we are in danger of annihilating ourselves and a great part of life on earth, where spiritual understanding is perceived (in the main) as frivolous and eccentric and where our culture is one of our greatest barriers to our own evolution. Here is where our awareness of our history, both factual and intuitive, can provide us with the means to re-integrate our body, mind and soul with the outer ecology of our world and the cosmic, universal mind of God. For we need to reclaim the deep respect for animals (and all life) that we forged in the animistic, the connections represented through our use of symbol in the mythic, the love of nature nurtured in the pagan, the sense of Oneness manifested in the monotheistic, the fascination for the evolving laws and dynamics of life discovered in the scientific and the acknowledgement of the common bond of all humanity unveiled in the social; to bring all these essentially valuable roots and shoots of human discovery and endeavor to bear upon a radical new reality which integrates them all into a sound and enlightened ecology of spirit.
Jonathan